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The Cowes Floating Bridge is a vehicular chain ferry which crosses the River Medina on the Isle of Wight, off the south coast of England. The ferry crosses the tidal river from East Cowes to Cowes. The first floating bridge between East Cowes and Cowes was established in 1859 and is one of the few remaining that has not been replaced by a physical bridge. The service is owned and operated by the Isle of Wight Council, who have run it since 1901. Prior to ownership by the local authority the service was run by The Floating Bridge Company and The Steam Packet Company (Red Funnel). The ferry currently used is named ''No. 5'', the fifth to be owned by the Isle of Wight Council, and eighth in total. It was built in 1975 and can carry up to 20 cars. The Cowes floating bridge remains the only way to cross the River Medina between the towns without taking a ten-mile trip via Newport. ==History== Before any kind of floating bridge existed, a rowing boat ferry operated between Cowes and East Cowes transporting pedestrians only. This service was owned and operated by the Roberton family from 1720 to 1859. From 1842 carriages and animals could be transported across using a pontoon which was winched across under horse power. In 1859 the Floating Bridge Company was formed and bought the ferry rights. From 24 November 1859 the first steamboat was used, built on the River Itchen in Southampton. In 1868 the ferry was bought by The Steam Packet Company (which now trades as Red Funnel), and bought a new ferry for the service in 1882. This was used regularly until 1896 when it was used only as a spare when a new ferry was purchased.〔 The route was first taken over by the local authority in 1909, when the Cowes and East Cowes Urban District Councils took over their operation. With this, a new ferry was bought and started the system of naming vessels still used today, by numbering them in order of acquisition, the first being named ''Bridge No.1''. These newer bridges were significantly different from past designs, with ''Bridge No.1'' featuring power ramps and electric lighting and was built from steel. In 1925 ''Bridge No.2'' was built, being the last steam powered ship. It was larger than any that had previously operated the route at over , with a capacity for eight cars. This was later sold on for use at Sandbanks when ''Bridge No.3'' was built and arrived in 1936, being the first diesel-electric powered vessel. ''Bridge No.4'' entered service in 1952 with a capacity for 12 cars. This was used regularly until 1975 when the current ''Bridge No.5'' arrived with a capacity of up to 20 cars. From 1982 there were no reserve vessels in place for the route, leaving ''Bridge No.5'' as the sole ferry operated.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cowes on the Isle of Wight - Floating Bridge )〕 In 1988 a direct bus service was created between Ryde and Cowes which involved the bus travelling over on the floating bridge. Small buses had to be used to guarantee space on the crossing, however the service was withdrawn by 1990. In 2006 the Isle of Wight Council considered converting the floating bridge to only transport vehicles across the River Medina, setting up a launch for pedestrians with a charge of 50p. Prior to this the last time a foot passenger charge was in operation was until 1992, when the vehicle tolls were raised from 75p to £1.25 to compensate for any lost income. While this initially resulted in a slump in sailings from 300,000 to less than 210,000 in 1993, as the diversion travelling via Newport became more congested the popularity of the floating bridge began to rise again. The argument was put forward that by taking out passenger compartments the overall capacity of the ferry could be increased by up to 30 per cent. Following this it was hoped with a prudent approach to future toll increases the ferry route could become profitable. It has historically always made a loss.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=End of line for free floating bridge travel? )〕 However, the idea of introducing a charge was very unpopular with local residents, councillors and businesses and the threat receded.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Floating bridge fare threat ebbs )〕 Earlier vessels included stairs to give passengers access to roofs covering the vehicle deck, a feature not present on ''Bridge No. 5''. Occasionally the idea of replacing the chain ferry with a swing bridge or tunnel is brought up, however this has yet to materialise into any major debate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Powerful backing for dynamic Cowes plan )〕 Additionally, the ferry used for the service now looks set to be replaced as part of a £400 million private finance initiative for island transport which would be likely to push back such a debate even further. If the replacement is agreed by the cabinet, the outline business case will be sent to the government for approval.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=New floating Bridge )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cowes Floating Bridge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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